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A groundbreaking new study is unveiling a significant connection between adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their average life span.

Published in The British Journal of Psychiatry, the population-based research looked at 30,039 people living in the UK, ages 18 or older, with an ADHD diagnosis. Scientists compared each individual with 10 people of the same age, sex, and primary care practice without ADHD.

The findings suggest that those with ADHD live several years less than others without the condition, largely due to several health conditions, lifestyle factors, and systemic healthcare inequalities that coincide with ADHD—not because of the disorder itself. Let's unpack the findings.

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How Much Does ADHD Impact Life Expectancy?

According to the study's results, adults with ADHD have a notably shorter lifespan than their peers. The researchers found:

• Women with ADHD live 8.64 years less on average.
• Men with ADHD live 6.78 years less on average.

The study estimates that men with ADHD have an average life expectancy of 73.26 years, compared to 80.03 years for those without the condition. Women with ADHD have an expected lifespan of 75.15 years, whereas women without ADHD typically live 83.79 years.

ADHD itself was not found to be directly responsible for cutting years off of adults' lives. Instead, the researchers found a link between co-existing physical and mental health issues and lifestyle factors associated with ADHD that impacted longevity.

"Adults with diagnosed ADHD are living shorter lives than they should," the study authors conclude. "We believe that this is likely caused by modifiable risk factors and unmet support and treatment needs in terms of both ADHD and co-occurring mental and physical health conditions."

Reacting to the study's findings, Michelle Dees, MD, a board-certified psychiatrist at Luxury Psychiatry Clinic (who was not involved), told Medical News Today: "The astonishing life expectancy reduction of 7–9 years shows that more cohesive systems and interventions need to be put in place for support."

Why Is ADHD Linked to a Shorter Lifespan?

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The researchers found that adults with ADHD are more likely to experience 13 coinciding medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, anxiety, and depression. More specifically, they found adults with ADHD have:

• a 17% increased risk of diabetes for men (even higher for women)
• a 27% higher likelihood of hypertension
• More than twice the risk of epilepsy
• Over 10 times the risk of personality disorders
• Twice the likelihood to develop depression

• Increased risk of substance abuse and smoking
• Greater likelihood of financial struggles, unemployment, and housing instability
• Poorer management of physical health conditions, including cardiovascular disease and hypertension

“The high prevalence of anxiety and depression in people with ADHD creates a volatile situation for risk-taking behaviors, including accidents and self-harm," Dee explained to Medical News Today. "Inaccessibility to fundamental health resources also contributes significantly."

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As Experts Call For Urgent Action, Here's What You Should Know:

It's important to note that the study authors mention that their results "may not generalize to the entire population of adults with ADHD, the vast majority of whom are undiagnosed." Meaning: This study's results may not be applicable to all and more research in this field will need to be done.

However, given the findings, experts are stressing the importance of better healthcare access and early intervention for people living with ADHD, as well as for those who haven't yet been officially diagnosed.

While the study was done in the UK, it has the power to influence practices in the U.S.

For instance, the study authors urge for improved "awareness of physical and mental health conditions that are more common in people with ADHD," and encourage "timely access to mental health support."

Given the extremely concerning link between ADHD and risk-taking behaviors, such as substance abuse, smoking, compulsive behavior, and self-harm, the researchers also stress the need for support and treatment in these areas.

If you or someone you know is struggling with ADHD or symptoms of the disorder, experts suggest encouraging routine checkups with a primary care doctor, promoting healthy behaviors like sleep and stress management, and seeking treatment with licensed professionals.

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40 DAY Health Challenge coach Dr Eddie Murphy has urged Irish people who suffer with anxiety to tackle their avoidances to help “grow their life”.

Associate Professor at the UCD School of Psychology, Dr Eddie, said it can massively limit a person’s life.

He said: “In modern psychology, we’re really interested in what keeps problems going, and avoidance will always keep problems going.

“How many times have you avoided things? Is avoidance a pattern in the way you work?

“Avoidance will always keep the problem going. That’s a core lesson, a core point of view from psychology.

“So how do we tackle avoidance? Well, first of all, I’d love if you could videotape yourself on your phone.

“What do you avoid? Do you avoid people? Do you avoid situations?”

The clinical psychologist said people should “step outside” of their comfort zone.

He added: “By putting it into the record, you have it and you know what you’re avoiding, and these are the tools now to tackle that avoidance.

“See, avoidance, it reduces our anxiety when we get into avoidance.

“But it also limits our life.

“So I’m asking you to step outside your comfort zone to tackle your avoidance step by step, and you can put that on video for me because I’d like to hear you saying, ‘When I did this, my world grew bigger, I became more confident.’

“‘I was tackling my avoidances’.

“And I guarantee you this, and I guarantee very little in psychology, but your anxiety will come down when you get into that space and allow yourself into that space that you avoid.

“It will come down, use some deep breathing, nice tools. Say, ‘I can get through this’ in your head, tackle your avoidances and your life will grow.”

Brave 40 Day Health Challenge recruit Olivia Fitzgerald brought show viewers to tears when she opened up on an overlooked issue many people face.

The mum-of-four told Dr Eddie that her biggest challenge so far is facing others.

Olivia admitted: “I definitely think about what other people think about me.”

HOW TO WATCH THE EPISODES

THE latest episodes of the 40 Day Health Challenge are now available at the 40dayhealthchallenge.ie.

Readers can also follow all the action and get the latest updates, meal plans, exercises and mental health tips from Thesun.ie and Ireland’s Classic Hits Radio ­during the 40 days.

Dr Eddie discussed how the Limerick woman needs to have a kinder voice towards herself.

He explained: “So that’s called mind reading. You are trying to think what the other person’s thinking about me. And that’s an anxiety type behaviour.

“It’s a big feature of social anxiety. Sometimes, people in social situations are always trying to figure out what other people are thinking about them.”

Dr Eddie discussed how these thoughts can be an indicator of social anxiety – and how many people just ignore it.

Social anxiety affects nearly one in eight adults in Ireland, according to Social Anxiety Ireland.

He said: “It’s actually one of the most missed of all the anxiety presentations.

“There’s 13 per cent of people, a huge amount of people with social anxiety.

“There’s very good website called socialanxietyireland.com.

“Some people have very specific social anxiety say like giving a best man speech or something like that.”

Social anxiety was the last anxiety disorder to be discovered, which was only formally recognised in 1979.

It remains the least understood in terms of public and professional understanding.

Olivia admitted she sometimes had thoughts that she “wasn’t worth it” and hopes to “change that mind-set” during the 40 Day Health Challenge.

Dr Eddie said: “It’s so brave of you to put yourself forward for the 40 day health challenge when this is not your comfort zone.

“Everything you do here is outside your comfort zone, and that is total respect from us. Everything you do, all respectfulness.”

SIMPLE SALMON PASTA

Serves 2 (each serving contains approximately 511 kcal)

Suitable for vegetarians if an alternative to salmon is used.

Ingredients:

100g wholewheat pasta, such as fusilli or penne
1 tbsp olive or rapeseed oil (15g)
2 salmon fillets (125g each)*
100g cherry tomatoes
50g baby spinach leaves
25g rinsed capers
1 tbsp freshly grated Parmesan cheese (15g)

*Suitable vegetarian alternatives for salmon are:
345g tofu
535g mycoprotein such as Quorn vegan pieces
435g chickpeas, drained and rinsed

The method:

Cook the pasta in a large pan of boiling water for 10-12 minutes or according to packet instructions until just tender. Meanwhile, heat a non-stick frying pan over a medium heat.

Add the oil and then add the salmon and cook for 5-6 minutes, skin side down.

Chop the cherry tomatoes and add to the salmon, then sauté for another 2 minutes.

Remove the frying pan from the heat and flake the salmon fillets into small pieces with a fork.

Drain the pasta and add to the fish mixture with the spinach and capers. Fold everything together until evenly combined.

Divide the salmon pasta between bowls and scatter over the Parmesan to serve.

Dietitian Sophie Pratt said: “Salmon contains omega 3 fatty acids which promote heart health.”